War service: Western Front

Embarked Wellington, 11 October 1916; disembarked Plymouth, England, 29 December 1916, and marched into Sling Camp.

Proceeded overseas to France, 1 March 1917.

Found guilty, 6 May 1917, of falling out of route march without permission: forfeited 7 days' pay.

Joined 1st Bn, NZ Rifle Brigade, in the field, 26 May 1917.

Wounded in action, 8 June 1917 (gun shot wound, back), and admitted to 58th Scottish General Hospital, St Omer; transferred to No 7 Convalescent Depot, Boulogne, 18 July 1917; discharged to Rest Camp, Boulogne, 26 July 1917; attached to NZ Base Depot, Etaples, 27 July 1917; attached to Reinforcements Camp, 29 January 1918.

Admitted to No 2 NZ Field Ambulance, 2 February 1918 (influenza); discharged to Reinforcements Camp, 9 February 1918; proceeded to 4th Brigade, in the field, 11 February 1918.

Transferred to NZ Rifle Brigade, 21 February 1918.

On leave to United Kingdom, 2 March 1918; rejoined unit from leave, 22 March 1918.

Joined 4th Bn, New Zealand Rifle Brigade, 10 April 1918, and posed to C Company.

Detached to Divisional School, 27 April 1918; rejoined unit, 17 May 1918.

Admitted to No 1 NZ Field Ambulance, 8 July 1918 (influenza), and transferred to 3rd Casualty Clearing Station; to No 1 General Hospital, 10 July 1918; to England, 16 July 1918 (trench fever), and admitted to No 1 NZ General Hospital, Brockenhurst, 17 July 1918; transferred to NZ Convalescent Hospital, Hornchurch, 3 September 1918. Found guilty, 14 October 1918, of (1) being absent without leave from 9.30 am, 12 October, to 7 am, 14 October 1918; (2) neglecting to obey Hospital Standing Orders, i.e. breaking into hospital when an absentee and failing to report to police on return to hospital: forfeited a total of 5 days' pay.

Discharged from hospital, 7 December 1918, to temporary duty on staff.

Appointed Acting Sergeant while in charge of Clothing Store, 28 March 1919; relinquished appointment of Acting Sergeant, 31 May 1919.

Absent without leave, 1 July 1919 to 15 March 1920: case dealt with summarily by order of GOC, NZEF: forfeited 260 days' pay, and fined 28 days' pay.

Commenced return to New Zealand on board HT 'Ionic', 20 May 1920; discharged (no longer physically fit for War Service on account of illness contracted on Active Service), 17 June 1920.

Total war service: 3 years 358 days (of which 3 years 222 days were abroad)